The
Twenties: Boom & Bust
ž Trade
& Foreign Investment
ž By
1920s the USA was Canada’s main trading partner
ž In
1921, Canada exchanged 2.5x more with USA than Britain
ž Lots
of US foreign investment into Canada
ž American
Branch Plants
ž U.S.
market was bigger than Canadian market – U.S. could make & sell for less
ž Canadian
government put taxes called tariffs on American imports.
ž Ex.
In 1920 35% tariff on cars imported to Canada
ž This
protected Canadian jobs
ž U.S.
manufacturers built factories in Canada to avoid the tariff
ž Branch
Plants
ž A
branch plant is a factory or business operating in Canada that is owned by a
foreign company.
ž Did
everyone benefit from the boom?
ž Maritimers
& Newfoundlanders were not doing so well economically.
ž Area
too far from center to attract investment
ž Britain
no longer big trading partner so not close anymore
WORKERS
ž Business
owners became rich, employees stayed poor
ž Violent
strikes in many coal districts
ž Today
we have unemployment insurance
ž If
we are sick, we get free medical care
ž These
social welfare programs did not exist in the 1920s
ž VISIBLE
MINORITIES
ž Asians
– Chinese, Japanese and Sikhs faced discrimination. Many employers refused to hire Asians or paid
them very low money. Most lived in
British Columbia
BLACKS
ž Most
blacks came from the USA
ž Some
were from loyalists, some escaped slaves
ž They
got right to vote at confederation
ž Not
treated as equals
ž Separate
schools, bad education, less jobs
ž ABORIGINAL
PEOPLES
ž Traditional
ceremonies & dances forbidden
ž Government
controlled their money
ž Couldn’t
vote
ž Canada
wanted to make all “Indians” into Canadians
ž RESIDENTIAL
SCHOOLS
ž Starting
in 1920 First Nations children age 7-15 had to live in government funded schools
ž Goal:
remove children from their home and culture
ž Aim:
Assimilation
ž Traditional
clothes, language, religions, all BANNED
ž Forced
to wear uniforms and become Christians
ž Physical
& sexual abuse
ž Playing
the Stock Market
ž If
you wanted to start a business, you would need to spend money.
ž $
from ?
- Your own, a business loan from a bank, or find partners, give them a share in your profits in exchange for their investing their $ in your businessown
ž Companies
that need a lot of money can sell shares in their business on the stock
market
ž Why
do people buy shares (stocks)?
- If share value rises, can sell stocks for profit
- Shareholder may get a portion of company’s profits (dividend)
ž People
bought “on margin” – borrowed $ to buy stocks
ž Black
Tuesday
ž Tuesday
October 29th 1929 the stock market crashed
ž Desperate
traders sold their shares for whatever they could get
ž Black
Tuesday affected North America & Europe
ž Within
one month a share of $10 became $5, by 1932 it became $1.50 or less
ž One
on four Canadians did not have a job
ž With
less $ to spend, shops closed down
ž Next
10 years known as the GREAT DEPRESSION
ž Causes
of the crash
ž Too
much margin buying, production of goods, & American economic influence
ž Not
enough wages for workers or protection for people’s savings
ž Caused
an imbalance that made the entire world economy fall.