žEnd of the War
The Russians were hungry & tired of the war
žIn 1917, Communist revolutionaries led an uprising in which the ruler, Czar Nicholas II was overthrown
žRussia surrendered to Germany
žThis ended the battle on the Eastern Front
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The USA declared war on Germany in 1917 because some US ships were sunk by U-boats, especially the LUSITANIA
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žThe Hundred Days
žFront line moved back and forth
žRobert Borden thought war would last until 1920
žArthur Currie led Canadian Army to win many battles
ž48,000 Canadian casualties, 9000 dead
žAllies captured lots of land in Belgium & France
ž25% of German army defeated by Canada
ž25% of German army defeated by Canada
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| Australians Soldiers |
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| Canadian Soldiers |
žBy November, the Allies had pushed the Germans back almost to Germany, and Germany officially surrendered
žThe armistice, the agreement to end fighting was at 11:00am on November 11th 1918
žWWI deaths
• 35 million casualties in total
• (15 million dead, 20 million wounded)
• 60,661 Canadian’s Died
• One of the deadliest conflicts in human history
• WWI was called: “The war to end all wars”
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| Soldier Cemetery |
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žTreaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I.
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ž It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
žFrom left, UK Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and US President Woodrow Wilson
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| David Lloyd George - UK Prime Minister |
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| Italian Prime Minister - Vittorio Olando |
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| French Prime Minister - Georges Clemenceau |
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| US President - Woodrow Wilson |
žCountries who signed:
France
Italy
Japan
United States
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| Land that Germany lost after WWI |
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| Germany & Austria-Hungary before the War and with after WWI borders |
žmost important and controversial part of the treaty required Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing the war
ž“War Guilt Clause”
žGermany had to disarm, give away land and pay money to certain countries
žHow much? 132 billion Marks
žToday that would cost:
žThat is a lot of money!!!!
žLeague of Nations 1919–1946
žCanada became member of the “League of Nations
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žToday we have the United Nations
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| United Nations Logo
žAfter the War
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žCanada entered as a colony, came out an independent country
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žWomen recognized as voters
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žMore women in the workforce
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žProblems!
žVeterans in conflict with civilians
žImmigrants unpopular with many Canadians
žWorkers in conflict with employers
žFrench Canadians unhappy with conscription
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žVeterans came home to NO JOBS!
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žThey felt rejected, unappreciated
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žUnemployment led to humiliation
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žVeterans wanted jobs women and enemy aliens had
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žSome veterans assaulted new immigrants in the streets
žUnions & Strikes
ž1919 Veterans began to support Unions
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žCapitalists were the real enemy Union Leaders said
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žWorkers wanted right to form unions and have higher pay ($$$)
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žGeneral Strikes in several cities
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žBiggest strike in Winnipeg in 1919
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žWinnipeg General Strike
ž35,000 went on strike
žConstruction
žPolice
žPostal Workers
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| Winnipeg General Strike |
Winnipeg General Strike
žStrikers called “communists”
žNorth West Mounted Police called to stop strike
žOne man shot dead 31 injured
žWorkers called off the strike
žAfter the War
ž Robert Borden retires
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| Robert Borden |
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žNew Prime Minister: Arthur Meighen
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| Arthur Meighen |
ž1920-1921
žConservative
žSupported conscription plan in 1917
žFrench Canadians hated him!
ž1921 Federal Election
žWorkers, Farmers, French Canadian’s voted against Meighen & Conservatives
žWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King & Liberal Party win.
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| William Lyon Mackenzie King |
ž1921-1926
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